Perovskite Solar Cells

Precision technology for the
next generation of photovoltaics

Perovskite Solar Cells
& Inkjet Printing

Perovskite solar cells are considered one of the most promising developments in photovoltaics. In combination with inkjet printing technology, they enable precise, material-efficient, and scalable production of functional layers—digitally controlled and without mask-based processes. This technology opens up new avenues for flexible, lightweight, and design-integrated solar solutions.

Panasonic & DJK Europe

Panasonic is one of the leading industrial companies conducting intensive research into perovskite solar cells and inkjet-based coating processes. Research projects have already demonstrated large-area perovskite modules with high efficiency levels—an important step toward industrial application.

DJK Europe is a distributor of selected Panasonic inkjet systems and supports customers in using these technologies in research, process development, and pilot production. The focus is on:

Providing high-quality Panasonic inkjet printing systems
Technical advice on system selection and integration
Support in the implementation of precise coating processes

DJK Europe thus provides access to proven Panasonic technology for the development and qualification of modern perovskite solar cell processes.

Products

Perovskite Solar Cells
& Inkjet Printing

Small Printer for Development in Glove Box

Inkjet Printer for R&D

The Inkjet Printer for R&D by Panasonic, distributed by DJK Europe, is a compact inkjet printing system designed for inkjet process development and device prototyping. The system provides the essential functions required for R&D environments, including circulation-type ink supply, selectable inkjet heads, and ink jetting observation. It is suitable for installation in controlled environments such as glove boxes (glove box not included) and supports stable printing with small ink volumes, making it ideal for material development and early-stage process validation.

Features

Selectable Panasonic inkjet heads for high-definition printing
Two selectable control boards:
DPN (Drive Per Nozzle) control with 256-step droplet volume adjustment
Gradation control using waveform combination
Circulation-type inkjet head supporting particle-containing inks
Ink circulation unit operable with small ink volumes (≤ 50 mL)
Support for multi-pass printing
Unidirectional and bidirectional printing
Ink jetting observation unit for monitoring droplet ejection
Small printing stage for device prototyping
Automatic circulation of small ink volumes for mass-production condition simulation
Support for solvent-based and UV inks
Support for 1 to 2 ink types
Supported workpiece size: 150 × 150 mm (customizable)
Printing resolution up to 1200 dpi (head-dependent)
Stage-drive substrate transport
TIFF-based drawing data input
Control via Windows-compatible PC
Integrated maintenance and safety functions
Emergency stop button
Compact, glove-box-compatible design

Typical areas of application:

Research & development
Inkjet process development
Material development
Device sample prototyping
Thin-film and functional coating development
Early-stage process verification
Printing in controlled or inert environments (glove boxes)
Evaluation of ink ejection behavior
Development of waveform and jetting conditions
Small-batch functional printing

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add-on functions to customers' existing equipment.

RtoR Inkjet Printing Unit

Panasonic's RtoR Inkjet Printing Unit, distributed by DJK Europe, is a modular inkjet printing system for research and development, process verification, and series production. The unit can be flexibly integrated into existing systems and supports both stage drive and roll-to-roll (RtoR) mechanisms. Thanks to selectable Panasonic inkjet heads, circulating ink supply, and intelligent control functions, the system is suitable for high-viscosity inks, large drop volumes, and high-resolution printing applications in industrial environments.

Features

Selectable and mountable Panasonic inkjet heads (for high viscosity, large droplets, and high definition)
Support for high-viscosity inks up to 100 mPa·s (50 mPa·s without heating)
Support for large droplet volumes up to 200 pL
Drive Per Nozzle (DPN) or gradation control depending on head type
Circulation-type ink supply system
Externally or internally triggered printing
(pulse generator or encoder-synchronized)
Droplet position correction
Non-ejection nozzle compensation
Real-time printing data update
Sensor-triggered synchronous printing
Optional droplet landing observation function
Optional ink jetting observation unit
Optional inkjet head wiping function
Support for both stage-drive and roll-to-roll substrate transfer
Support for solvent-based and UV inks
Printing resolution up to 1200 dpi (head-dependent)
Standard printing width: 67.5 mm (customizable)
Control via PLC and Windows-compatible PC
Industrial-grade, integrable design

Typical areas of application:

Research & development
Mass-production verification
Industrial mass production
Functional coatings
Printed electronics
Thin-film and material development
Roll-to-roll coating processes
High-viscosity ink applications
Large-droplet printing applications
Integration into custom production equipment

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for Uniform Thin-Film Coating on Uneven Surfaces

Small Inkjet Printer for Development

Panasonic's “Small Printer for Development,” distributed by DJK Europe, is a high-precision inkjet printing system for material development, device prototyping, and process verification. The system enables the uniform application of functional thin films and patterns on flat and structured substrates. Thanks to its circulating ink supply, DPN technology, and observation functions, it is ideal for demanding applications in electronics, semiconductor technology, and materials research.

Features

Panasonic inkjet print heads (also suitable for high-viscosity and solvent-based inks)
Drive Per Nozzle (DPN) technology for individual nozzle control
Circulation-type ink supply system with optional heating
Easily replaceable print heads and circulation units
Flight and landing observation functions for process monitoring
Single-pass and multi-pass printing
Printing resolution up to 600 dpi (horizontal)
Printing accuracy: ±8 µm (scan direction), ±16 µm (nozzle direction)
Support for solvent-based, UV, and high-viscosity inks
Supported substrate size up to 200 × 200 mm (customizable)
Control via integrated Windows-based PC
Industrial-grade design for R&D environments
Optional high-precision automatic circulation unit

Typical areas of application:

Research & Development
Material development
Electronic components and MicroLED
Prototyping of devices
Process verification for series production
Functional coatings
Solar cells and decorative applications
High-viscosity adhesive applications

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for Uniform Thin-Film Coating on Uneven Surfaces

Inkjet Printer

The Neo Counter X400 is an advanced offline X-ray component counting system designed to revolutionize manual counting processes in SMT operations. Combining high-resolution X-ray imaging, computer vision and AI-based algorithms, it delivers precise component quantity results in seconds and seamlessly integrates with modern production IT systems.

Features

Uniform thin-film coating on flat and uneven surfaces
High-precision droplet placement with positioning correction and DPN (Drive Per Nozzle) control
Single-pass printing on 300 × 300 mm substrates for reproducible full-area coating
Flexible printing modes: single-pass, multi-pass, unidirectional and bidirectional
Panasonic inkjet heads with excellent solvent resistance
Circulation-type ink supply system for stable and consistent material deposition
Automatic compensation for non-ejecting nozzles
Support for solvent-based and UV inks
Resolutions up to 1200 dpi (optional)
Industrial-grade design suitable for prototyping and mass-production verification

Typical areas of application:

Research & development
Electronic device prototyping
Process verification for mass production
Functional coatings in electronics and semiconductor manufacturing
Thin-film and material development

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Application

In inkjet printing, the functional layers of perovskite solar cells—such as the active absorber and transport and functional layers—are printed directly onto the substrate as fine droplets without contact. The process allows precise control of layer thickness, structure, and material application.

Typical applications are:

Large-area and flexible solar modules
Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), e.g., facades and windows
Research and pilot plants for new PV concepts
Industry-oriented development environments for scalable production processes

Advantages of inkjet printing technology

Highest precision
Digital droplet control enables reproducible, uniform functional layers – crucial for efficiency and quality.

Material and cost efficiency
Additive material application reduces waste and lowers process costs.

Design and process flexibility
Suitable for glass, flexible substrates, and complex module designs—ideal for new PV applications.

Scalability
Inkjet systems can be integrated into automated production lines and are key to the industrial manufacturing of perovskite solar cells.

Research & technological development

Inkjet-printed perovskite solar cells are an active field of research. International research projects and conferences—such as Advanced Inkjet Technology—show that efficiency, layer quality, and process stability are continuously improving. The focus is particularly on:

Optimized ink formulations
Multilayer inkjet processes
Applications on flexible substrates

These developments are increasingly moving the technology from research toward industrial implementation.

FAQ

Perovskite solar cells are an innovative photovoltaic technology based on crystalline semiconductor materials with excellent optoelectronic properties. They offer high light absorption and strong performance potential, combined with the possibility of cost-efficient manufacturing.

Inkjet printing enables precise, contactless and additive deposition of functional layers. Material is applied only where needed, allowing accurate control of layer thickness while reducing material consumption and process waste.

Typically, the perovskite absorber layer, transport layers (such as the electron transport layer), and other functional interlayers can be deposited via inkjet printing, depending on ink formulation and process design.

Inkjet-printed perovskite solar cells are currently positioned between research, pilot production, and industrial process development. Many applications are already being tested in industrial settings, while efficiency and long-term stability continue to improve.

Panasonic is one of the industrial leaders actively researching perovskite solar cells and inkjet-based coating processes. The company has demonstrated large-area perovskite modules with high conversion efficiencies, highlighting the industrial potential of this technology.

DJK Europe acts as a distributor of selected Panasonic inkjet systems, supporting customers in research, process development, and pilot applications related to perovskite solar cells.

These systems are ideal for:

Research institutes and universities
Industrial R&D departments
Pilot lines and technology development teams focused on advanced coating processes

Inkjet printing is highly versatile and can be applied to glass, coated substrates, and flexible films, depending on the system configuration and process requirements.

Yes. DJK Europe provides technical consultation and application support to help customers select, integrate, and operate Panasonic inkjet systems for precise coating and development processes.